a departure as well as a perpetuation." The relationship between metamodernism and modernism was seen as going "far beyond homage, toward a reengagement with modernist method in order to address subject matter well outside the range or interest of the modernists themselves." In 2007, Researcher Alexandra Dumitrescu described metamodernism as partly a concurrence with, partly an emergence from, and partly a reaction to, postmodernism, "champion the idea that only in their interconnection and continuous revision lie the possibility of grasping the nature of contemporary cultural and literary phenomena." Vermeulen and van den Akker In 1999, Moyo Okediji utilized the term "metamodern" applying it to contemporary African-American art that issues an "extension of and challenge to modernism and postmodernism." In 2002, Professor Andre Furlani, analyzing the literary works of Guy Davenport, defined metamodernism as an aesthetic that is " after yet by means of modernism. The term appeared as early as 1975, when scholar Mas'ud Zavarzadeh used it to describe a cluster of aesthetics or attitudes which had been emerging in American literary narratives since the mid-1950s. In 1995, Canadian literary theorist Linda Hutcheon stated that a new label for what was coming after postmodernism was necessary. 4.1 Hanzi Freinacht and Nordic metamodernism.3 Overt engagement with metamodernism in the arts.